WW2 battlefields and memorials in Northern Europe

Code name for one of the five sectors of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. The bloodiest of the D-Day beaches, assaulted by the US 1st and 29th Infantry Divisions.

The westernmost of the five Normandy landing beaches, assaulted on 6 June 1944 by the US VII Corps under Major General J. Lawton Collins. The Utah Beach Landing Museum stands on the bunker complex of strongpoint W5.

Code name for the central of the five landing beaches, assaulted on 6 June 1944 by the British 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division. The Mulberry Harbour at Arromanches was built on its western flank.

Code name for the sector assaulted on 6 June 1944 by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. The Juno Beach Centre at Courseulles-sur-Mer is Canada's Second World War museum on the Normandy coast.

The easternmost of the five Normandy landing beaches, assaulted on 6 June 1944 by the British 3rd Infantry Division, 1st Special Service Brigade and French Commandos under Philippe Kieffer.

Clifftop battery between Utah and Omaha beaches, scaled at first light on 6 June 1944 by the US 2nd Ranger Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel James E. Rudder. The site preserves the German bunkers and the bomb-cratered landscape.

Bascule bridge over the Caen Canal at Bénouville, seized in the early hours of 6 June 1944 by glider-borne troops of D Company, 2nd Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry under Major John Howard.

First village in France liberated on D-Day, by paratroopers of the US 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions in the early hours of 6 June 1944. The Airborne Museum stands on the square where Private John Steele's parachute caught on the church tower.

Surviving caissons of Mulberry B, the temporary prefabricated harbour towed across the Channel after D-Day to land men, vehicles and supplies. Visible offshore from Arromanches-les-Bains.

Museum and war memorial in Caen tracing the causes of the Second World War, the Battle of Normandy and the Cold War. Built on the site of the German command bunker of General Wilhelm Richter.

Memorial museum on Hill 262 overlooking the Falaise Pocket, where Polish, Canadian, American, British and French forces closed the ring on Army Group B in August 1944.

American military cemetery on a bluff above Omaha Beach. 9,388 American war dead, most killed during the invasion of Normandy and ensuing operations.

Largest Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery of the Second World War in France: 4,648 burials, predominantly British, with the Bayeux Memorial opposite commemorating 1,808 missing.

Canadian war cemetery containing 2,049 burials, almost all from the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division killed in the early stages of the Battle of Normandy.

Commonwealth cemetery beside the village liberated by the British 6th Airborne Division on the night of 5/6 June 1944. 2,562 Commonwealth and 330 German burials.

German war cemetery in Normandy containing 21,222 German military personnel killed during the Battle of Normandy in 1944. Maintained by the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge.

American Second World War cemetery and memorial on the Brittany–Normandy border, containing the graves of 4,410 American war dead from the breakout and pursuit across France.

Museum in the former Hotel Hartenstein, headquarters of Major-General Roy Urquhart's British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem in September 1944.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing 1,684 Commonwealth and 79 Polish burials from the Battle of Arnhem and the wider liberation of the Netherlands.

Road bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem - the 'bridge too far' held for four days in September 1944 by Lieutenant Colonel John Frost's 2nd Parachute Battalion against German armoured forces.

Memorial on the south bank of the Waal commemorating the daylight assault crossing on 20 September 1944 by the US 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment to seize the bridges at Nijmegen.

Dutch museum dedicated to Operation Market Garden, the liberation of the southern Netherlands and the road to freedom for the Dutch people.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing 2,619 burials, predominantly Canadian, from the Rhineland offensive and the liberation of the eastern Netherlands.

Memorial on the dyke at Westkapelle commemorating the British Commando assault on Walcheren on 1 November 1944, which cleared the seaward approaches to the port of Antwerp.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing 1,284 burials, mostly Canadian, from the Battle of the Scheldt that opened the port of Antwerp in autumn 1944.

Only American military cemetery in the Netherlands. 8,288 American war dead from the Rhineland and central European campaigns; the Walls of the Missing record a further 1,722 names.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing 1,394 Canadian burials from the final advance of the First Canadian Army across the northern Netherlands and into Germany in 1945.

Star-shaped American memorial outside Bastogne honouring the 76,890 American soldiers killed, wounded or missing during the Battle of the Bulge in winter 1944–45.

Museum at the Mardasson site telling the story of the Second World War and the Battle of the Bulge through the eyes of four witnesses - civilian, Resistance, American and German.

American military cemetery in eastern Belgium containing the graves of 7,992 American war dead, most killed in the autumn 1944 fighting on the German frontier and the Battle of the Bulge.

American military cemetery containing the graves of 5,323 American war dead, many of them airmen and casualties of the Battle of the Bulge.

American military cemetery on the eastern edge of Luxembourg City containing the graves of 5,073 American war dead, including General George S. Patton Jr., commander of the US Third Army.

German Second World War cemetery containing the remains of 10,913 German soldiers, most killed during the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944–45.

Largest Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery in Germany, containing 7,672 burials - mostly aircrew and casualties of the Rhineland battles of February and March 1945.

German military cemetery in the Hürtgen Forest, containing the remains of 2,983 German soldiers killed during the protracted Battle of Hürtgen Forest from September 1944 to February 1945.

Surviving towers of the railway bridge captured intact across the Rhine on 7 March 1945 by the US 9th Armored Division. Today they house the Peace Museum Bridge at Remagen.

Belgian fortress on the Albert Canal, captured on 10 May 1940 by a glider-borne assault of 78 German Fallschirmjäger - the opening action of the invasion of the Low Countries.

Former Belgian Army fortress used by the SS as a prison camp (Auffanglager Breendonk) from 1940 to 1944. Now a national memorial to the victims of Nazi occupation in Belgium.

Square in central Brussels with a neoclassical monument and crypt to the 467 patriots who fell in the Belgian Revolution of 1830, later expanded with memorials to the Resistance and Jewish victims of 1940–45.

Memorial on the site of the Nazi concentration camp liberated by the British 11th Armoured Division on 15 April 1945, where Anne Frank and tens of thousands of others died.

Memorial on the site of the largest concentration camp in north-western Germany, where over 42,900 prisoners died between 1938 and 1945.

Memorial on the site of the Nazi concentration camp at Oranienburg, used from 1936 as a model for the wider camp system and as the administrative centre of the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps.

Largest Soviet war memorial in Berlin and a cemetery for 7,000 of the 80,000 Soviet soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945.

Soviet war memorial on the north side of the Tiergarten in central Berlin, flanked by two T-34 tanks and unveiled in November 1945, six months after the fall of the city.

Field of 2,711 concrete stelae in central Berlin commemorating the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Designed by Peter Eisenman; inaugurated in May 2005.

Outdoor and indoor history museum on the site of the former headquarters of the Gestapo and the SS at Niederkirchnerstraße in Berlin.

Memorial park in Copenhagen on the site where members of the Danish Resistance were executed by German occupying forces from 1943 to 1945, and where 197 of them are now buried.

National museum in Copenhagen documenting the Danish Resistance and the German occupation of Denmark from 1940 to 1945.

Museum within the walls of Akershus Fortress in Oslo, documenting the civilian and military resistance to the German occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945.